Red Seal Automotive Service Technician Practice Exam

Why is the differential important in a vehicle?

1. It reduces fuel consumption

2. It allows for wheel rotation differences during turns

3. It cools the engine

4. It lubricates the engine components

The correct answer is: It allows for wheel rotation differences during turns

The differential plays a crucial role in vehicle dynamics, particularly during turns. When a vehicle turns, the wheels on the outside of the turn travel a greater distance than the wheels on the inside. The differential allows the outside wheels to rotate faster than the inside wheels, facilitating smooth turns and enhancing stability. Without a differential, the wheels would be locked together, causing tire scrubbing, increased wear, possible loss of traction, and a significantly uncomfortable driving experience. While fuel consumption can be related to various aspects of vehicle design and operation, the primary function of the differential is not to reduce fuel consumption but to manage wheel speed differences. Similarly, the differential does not have a role in cooling the engine or lubricating engine components; those functions are managed by different systems, such as the engine cooling system and the lubrication system. The specialized function of the differential is what makes it essential for safe and efficient vehicle operation, especially when navigating corners.